The following essay discusses about Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) and its usage in the practical world by highlighting the difficulties faced in its implementation. CAPM is widely used concept in determining the rate of return of any particular asset in financial management. It has been identified as the most significant tool in determining risk and the expected rate of return.

International Financial Reporting Standards is a framework prepared to develop new rules for accounting and auditing. It was created to maintain a uniform global accounting and auditing policy for smooth functioning of the global financial markets. The US GAAP, (General accounting and auditing principles) is also a framework which is followed by many countries. This was created before IFRS. Though the purpose of creating these two frameworks is same but there are many differences in the policies and rules in both of the framework. Since IFRS consist of more precise and suitable policies to suit the modern accounting and auditing standards, so US is also moving towards following the framework of IFRS. The US GAAP is actually conceptual based, whereas IFRS is based on principles. The methodology of these two frameworks and the accounting treatments ate also different. In US GAAP, the research is mainly based on the literature but in case of IFRS, the rules are mainly based on reviews and patterns of facts.

Financial statements represent the financial status of the firm. It is an important tool to assess the financial health of the organization for making projections based on such data. There are several individuals and organizations in the market that are directly or indirectly depended on the financial stability of the firm. The internal users of the company are the top-level managers and the employees of the organization. They use the financial statement for formulating plans and making projections for the future financial aspects of the company. The outsiders include the government, investors and the banks. Financial accuracy and transparency is necessary for them as they would base their decision depending on the reports of the financial statement. The true picture would motivate an investor to invest, banks to lend money and the government to calculate the right amount of tax for the company. It also benefits the company by spreading their good name and increasing their goodwill in the market.

Organisational risk management focuses on assessing risks followed by development of effective strategies to ensure smooth operation of the business activities. The following report highlights the organisational crisis situation faced by Royal Bank of Scotland in manging its operational risks. The relevant importance of analysing and handling risks makes this process essential in an organisational context.

The objective of this study is to discuss the improvement in the quality of information that users of financial statement get in International Accounting Standards environment. A strong accounting system is of necessary for the investors and the banks to calculate and assess their financial strengths. Moreover, the performances of the companies largely depends on the transparent corporate accounting system.

The following assignment discusses the effectiveness of the use of balance sheet and income statement to keep a track on the daily spending and expense activities. Moreover, the application of the concept of balance sheet and income statement in a business scenario is analyzed along with a detailed analysis of its usage by managers.

The following study aims to conduct a financial analysis of Exxon Mobile, an US based publicly listed company. The financial statement of the company depicted the overall health of the company in terms of finance. It has been observed that the company was going through liquidity crunch because of the financial downturn in the global market.

This study is on the situation where the Australian Investment bank has to advice King Minerals Limited on the country which would be suitable for exploration or expansion of mining business. This is possible through conducting a country risk analysis, where the political and economical risks of the country would be evaluated in details in order to take decisions for the same. The country chosen is South Africa and gold would be best option when it comes to choosing mining mineral in South Africa. This is because South Africa is one of the major producers of gold in the world. The Foreign Direct Investments policies of the country and a suitable market entry mode have been suggested in order to direct KM an entry path towards South Africa.

Corporate finance is assumed to be one of the significant aspects of financial management. The study focuses on analyzing the various concepts of corporate finance, comprising of investment appraisal, dividend policy and working capital policy. Moreover, the dividend policy followed the world-renowned retailer Tesco has been discussed in great detail as a part of analyzing the corporate financial aspect of the firm.

This section of the study would provide a small overview of the whole study in a brief and precise manner. The report deals with the discussion and understandings related to the intangible assets of the companies. The first part reviews the significance of intangible assets in organizations and how it is assisting companies to maintain their position in the competitive environment. International Accounting Standard 38 mentions the utility and usage of intangibles in the financial aspect of companies. The intangible assets are the intellectual property rights, goodwill and the expenditures of the company on research and developments. They are also known as capital developments. In the second part of the report, the examples of two famous listed Australian companies have been taken. Both of these companies are from pharmaceutical industry. Acrux Limited specializes into development of fast-drying sprays and other medicinal products, while Agenix Limited is mainly based in China and has competency in development of biopharmaceuticals. The company is into several agreements with renowned institutions for development, innovation and discovery of useful medicines for the betterment of mankind. The management in Acrux Limited considers their intangible assets at the cost price when they were acquired. In case of Agenix Limited the capital development of their research and development on some new drug has been included. Agenix Limited has a larger base of intangible assets than Acrux limited, in terms of financial value. Both the financial statement of both the companies shows that the intangible assets of the companies are well-maintained. This also signifies that the value of these companies in terms of their goodwill is high in the market and revenue or profitability is also high.

This study aims to advice Sparkle Plc. and its board of directors regarding the information that should be included in the annual report of the company along with the financial statements. The compulsory information included is those which are significant and has to be included according to the Company Act of 2006, while the voluntary information is those which are important but optional. That means the presence of such information would be useful and surely enhance value and goodwill of the company, but it is up to the decision of the directors. To support the significance of such information, theories of concepts are also explained. The recommendations included are from the perspective of a financial account which is responsible to advice the directors of Sparkle Plc.

The Indy Mac bank collapsed in July 2008 is regarded as the most expensive failure in the history of US. Indy Mac Bank exclusively dealt in Alt-A mortgage loans which were considered to have the highest credit rating and was safer than the subprime loans. However during the boom period Indy Mac bank provided loans to the customers without much documentation or verification of their income strengths. Indy Mac was and its profitability was rising considerably due to increasing disbursing of loans. The property prices were high, so if the customers failed to pay the loan back, the possession of the house or property was taken and sold to investors for pooling the money, but this bubble busted and the price of the houses fell considerably. Moreover, many borrowers could not pay the loan back, as the bank did not check the authenticity of the borrower before disbursing the loans. So the bad loans accumulated with the bank. The bank had no such provision to sell the property and pool money because the purchasing power of the buyers in the market had reduced considerably and no one was willing to buy property. This was the situations which like the other bank Indy Mac Bank also faced, which led to its failure. Finally it was acquired by FDIC and Indy Mac became Indy Mac federal Bank.

The following study takes in to consideration the various forms of ethical issues prevailing in the corporate finance sector. It has been found out that organisations accomplish their goals and objectives through several corporate investments and financing options. The high degree of usage of the concept has led to the essential of analysing the associated issues and challenegs.

Globalised economic practices have transformed the manner in which commercial activities are carried out across the globe. Due to international trade, the markets of the globe have become unified and resources are exchanged easily. In the present research work, dedicated efforts have been undertaken to assess the impact of international expansion upon profits. The study was carried out taking into consideration the impact of international expansion upon Next Plc, Marks & Spencer and Tesco. Research findings are based upon the manner in which these organizations strategically operate in different nations so that profits are maximized. As evidence, the financial records of the companies are analysed and it is checked weather expanding internationally actually have facilitated the organizations to enhance their profits or not.

This report focuses on financial statement analysis of Morrisons, one of the greatest chains of super market based in the UK along with explanation of key accounting and financial terminology to ensure closure and reporting cycle, transparency, knowledge of the needs of the shareholders. Further calculations and interpretation of key financial ratios such as net profit margin, gross profit margin, EPS etc. has been shown in the report along with suitable conclusion and recommendations.

The current paper evaluates various costing techniques and evaluates how JetBlue can derive benefits from the use of such costing techniques. The project tries to identify how the company can benefit by incorporating diverse costing strategies to give effect to better decision making. Costing techniques facilitates the organization to utilize such financial resources more optimally. Costing techniques are essentially not reflected in a company annual reports or financial statements. These occur separately and are provided to mangers and stakeholders as additional information to judge the operational efficiency of the company.

This report primarily focuses on the effectiveness of efficient market hypothesis by taking consideration reflection of share trading experience, strategies, portfolio performance, details of transactions, and research methodology. Such aspects are covered in the report with the assistance of relevant reflective journal, techniques such as fundamental and technical and lastly suitable reflection and analysis is provided with charts and graphs.

The essay focuses primarily on IFRS 13 Fair Value Measurement which is requires assets to value their prices on the basis of transfer prices. In order to cover the relevance of the topic, certain aspects such as identification of non-current fixed assets, problems in measurement of fair value, the approach of IASBs to such measurement, and various valuation techniques have been addressed in this report.

This essay primarily focuses on the financial reports and statements that acts as guidance to various stakeholders. Associated benefits and limitations of non-audit services, and EU’s proposal of Restriction 4 in this context is provided in details suitable conclusion.

Companies who trade on a particular stock exchange are subject to crucial market and internal evaluation by investors. Investors are required to first assess whether the firms returns are impacted by the market conditions or not. In case the market returns act as a strong influential factor then investors are required to study the volatility in the movement of prices and returns of the particular market or stock. Consequently if the market conditions have no impact upon the returns of firm, investors are required to study the internal financial conditions and assess the long term sustainability. The present study is based upon evaluating the stock performance, returns condition and the profitability position of Strategic Hotels and Resorts (traded in the New York Stock Exchange as “BEE”). The evaluation is mainly done so as to understand whether the firm is suitable for investing. The paper emphasises upon evaluating the financial ratios, ownership, alpha and beta values, costs of capital and so on to determine whether the firm is suitable for investing. The evaluation of the firm’s returns has been compared with the S&P 500 returns.

J Sainsbury plc has financially remained sound which has facilitated it to emerge as one of the strongest grocery retail supermarket of the U.K. The financial strength of Sainsbury is characterized by low debts and stable earnings positions. However, in the recent times, the company’s financial records reveal weak profits as a result of rising operational expenses. This has been due to the investments made in expansion and development projects. The paper suitably evaluates the financial stability existing at Sainsbury through radically studying the firm’s financial statements and reports. The objective of the study is to understand the underlying financial strengths and shortcomings of the firm so as to suggest suitable remedial measures.

This essay primarily focuses on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and relevant discussion on this matter is forwarded by taking into consideration factors causing alterations amongst nations. Subsequent measures to enhance and improve FDI is also provided in the paper with suitable conclusion.

The essay primarily focuses on the meaning, importance, and need of Traditional Budgeting System in European and American firms. Further discussion on the topic is provided with advantages and disadvantages of this system along with suitable conclusion and recommendation.

This report primarily focuses on providing brief background and financial evaluation of Senior Housing Properties Trust. Financial evaluation is done on the basis of profitability ratios, sales revenues obtained from the company, liquidity ratios, efficiency ratios, and comparison of the obtained ones with that of industry standards. Stock evaluation of the company is done on the basis of rate of growth in dividends, and value of common stock.

This report primarily focuses on Walmart, one of the largest retail chains in the U.S. where financial evaluation is done by taking into consideration stock price trends, CNN analysts’ recommendations, ratio analysis such as current ratio, quick ratio, net margin, EPS, Price Earnings ratio etc. Suitable conclusion is thus provided on the basis of the above evaluation.

This paper primarily focuses on the ethics involved in financial services and systems in an organization. Misrepresentation of financial statements as an ethical concern and role of forensic accountant is highlighted in the paper. Affected stakeholders, obligations involved in ethical issues raised, integrity and character of individual finance professional, potential actions undertaken and required and reason for such selection are also stated in the report with suitable conclusion.

The paper primarily focuses on GAAP and its role in current leasing accounting, subsequent consequences, and red flags along with appropriate recommendations. The E-Commerce state tax payments, fictitious employees receiving post-employment advantages, concealment of inventory shrinkage, and hiding cash to assist in future earnings estimations are the other topics raised in the report.